Virginia's long-term-care manual directs eligibility workers to gather information on transfers of income and resources made in the five years before the Medicaid application date. That look-back period runs 60 months, counted back from the first date on which the person is both institutionalized and a Medicaid applicant, and it covers facility-based LTSS as well as community-based care — including HCBS, PACE, and hospice (DMAS Chapter M14).
A transfer made for less than fair market value can create a stretch of time when Medicaid won't pay for LTSS. Virginia defines the uncompensated value as the portion of fair market value that wasn't actually received as compensation, and is explicit that love and affection don't count as fair-market-value compensation. Importantly, the penalty doesn't wipe out eligibility for other Medicaid services the person otherwise qualifies for — it just interrupts the LTSS payment specifically (DMAS Chapter M14).